The practice-oriented approach of the German education system: Lessons for the Netherlands

A new study from the Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA) shows that the German dual system system provides valuable insights for Dutch upper secondary vocational education (mbo). The study highlights how the German dual system can contribute to increasing the attractiveness and effectiveness of Dutch vocational education.

The Dutch mbo sector plays a crucial role in the labour market, with 40% of students choosing this route after lower secondary school. However, the Netherlands faces a shortage of skilled workers in sectors such as construction, healthcare, and technology, while vocational education appears to be losing its appeal for many young people. The German system, which focuses heavily on practical learning and close cooperation with businesses, offers possible solutions.

The research identifies nine concrete learning lessons, including

• Clear career paths: Advanced vocational qualifications, such as the German "Meister" title, enhance the status and appeal of vocational education as a legitimate alternative to academic education. This qualification not only enables a mechanic to start their own business but also increases customer trust in their craftsmanship. Moreover, the "Meister" diploma is equivalent to an academic bachelor's degree and offers career opportunities with comparable salary levels.
• Strong workplace experience: The German dual system combines school-based learning with paid apprenticeships, allowing students to gain relevant hands-on experience. The quality of this practical component is strictly monitored by independent parties, while central examinations and independent committees ensure uniform and reliable assessment of learning outcomes.
• Training centres and collective learning companies complement workplace training when a training company cannot offer all essential work processes. They ensure students develop all necessary competencies and play a crucial role in knowledge sharing. These centres, often equipped with the latest technologies, actively contribute to innovation and the spread of advanced industry knowledge.
• Intensive collaboration with businesses: German companies play an active role in designing and financing training programmes, leading to relevant and future-proof professional knowledge and competencies.

Download publications

Somers, M. (2025). The Practice-Oriented Approach of the German Education System: Lessons for the Netherlands. ROA Reports No. 002

Somers, M. (2025). The Practice-Oriented Approach of the German Education System: Lessons for the Netherlands. ROA Fact Sheets No. 001